I am a PhD candidate in Archaeology at JCU. I have recently completed a 4.5 month internship at the Australian Museum’s Lizard Island Research Station that enabled me to gain valuable professional development skills as well as conduct research for my PhD project.
Preparation for my research included consultations with Dingaal Traditional Elders, internships at the Australian Museum and the Queensland Museum Malacology Departments and literature reviews of previous archaeological surveys in and around Lizard Island.
Sam surveying on Lizard Island. Photo: Redbird Ferguson 2016
I conducted new extensive archaeological surveys on 5 islands within the Lizard Island Group during my internship. This first phase of fieldwork was important for discovering and documenting previously unrecorded archaeological shell midden sites – places where people gathered to camp and share food in the past. What’s exciting is that Dingaal Traditional Custodians have a rich history within this region of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) extending back thousands of years and we are discovering the evidence for this on the islands – some of which have never been archaeologically surveyed.
Oral histories and ethnographic evidence suggest Dingaal Aboriginal people occupied Lizard Island (Jiigurru) seasonally for gatherings and male initiation ceremonial activities. Shellfish, fin-fish, dugongs, turtles birds and bird eggs, wild arrowroot and yams were important food resources that is detailed in the midden sites. The second phase of fieldwork will include an archaeological excavation of one midden site with Dingaal Traditional Custodians in July 2017.
Excavating a Lizard Island midden. Photo: Ian McNiven 2013
In 2013 I worked on the Mangrove Beach Headland Midden excavation for my Honours project lead by Professor Sean Ulm (JCU) and Professor Ian McNiven (Monash). The site revealed a 4, 000 year sequence of Indigenous occupation. Dingaal fishers specialised in harvesting shellfish species from nearby reef patches from around 2, 000 years ago including the Strawberry Conch (Conomurex luhuanus), Trochus (Tectus niloticus), Giant Clam (Tridacna maxima) and Spider Conch (Lambis lambis). None of the species identified in the 2013 excavation appear over exploited with most recovered specimens achieving an adult size-at-age profile.
My PhD project addresses a critical gap in our knowledge of how Aboriginal people exploited and managed GBR resources for thousands of years before industrialised European fisheries extraction. This data is essential to form a long-term perspective on sustainable fishing along the GBR. Archaeological predation studies on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander subsistence over the last 10, 000 years in the GBR has received surprisingly little attention given the focus on establishing pre-European baselines for fisheries management. Fin-fish have not been targeted for detailed archaeological studies within the contemporary GBRMP boundary, and only two limited studies have been attempted on three shellfish species in the past.
Surveying South Island. Photo Redbird Ferguson 2016
The Reef 2050 Long-Term Sustainability Plan aims to protect marine species from anthropogenic pressures including commercial and recreational fishing, climate change and land-based run off. My research will provide, for the first time, a long-term (around 10, 000 years) record of the use, vulnerability and sustainability of GBR fisheries, focused on shellfish and fin-fish. It will also incorporate middens excavated from the Whitsunday Island Group, the Keppel Island Group and the Shoalwater Bay Island Group. Archaeology materials will be analysed in the Tropical Archaeology Research Laboratory at JCU in Cairns.
My research is supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award and an Advance Queensland PhD Scholarship from the Queensland State Government. I would like to express my appreciation to the Dingaal Traditional Custodians, the Australian Museum and to Dr Anne Hoggett and Dr Lyle Vail for their hospitality and support.
Dr Timothy Bottoms says
February 21, 2017 at 10:39 amHi Sam
Congratulations, your research should prove invaluable. I am interested as I have been working on researching and writing a history of Cape York Peninsula. The work on genomes and rising sea levels in conjunction with Sean Ulm’s research – all suggests a fascinating pre-history of CYP which needs to be included in a broader coverage of the history of CYP.
When do you anticipate completing your doctoral thesis? I am particularly interested in your oral history work with the Dingaal – have you written about this? At some stage, if you can manage the time I would like the opportunity to meet with you to discuss your research. You can check my bona fides on my website or have a chat with Sean or Alice.
Kind regards
Tim